A tentative approach to constructing tamper resistant software. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamper detection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. The approach and methods described here also suitable for solving the problem of software tamper resistance. Request pdf a dynamic graph watermark scheme of tamper resistance a novel approach of dynamic graphic software watermark is proposed. Software obfuscation is a promising approach for protection of intellectual. Specifying and verifying hardware for tamperresistant.
Tamper resistant software trs consists of two functional components. In this section, we discuss existing software tamperresistance approaches. What is needed, in this case, is tamper resistant software. A secure and robust approach to software tamper resistance replacement attacks against vmprotected applications. Software obfuscation is a promising approach for protection of intellectual property rights of software in untrusted environments. Furthermore, the march of technology makes tamper resistance a shifting target something robust ten years ago could be trivially easy to hack into today. In operation, the tamper resistant encoding technique of the invention will work much like a compiler from the users point of view, although the internal operations are very different users may start with a piece of software that is already debugged and tested, run that software through the invention software and end up with new tamper. Xom embeds cryptographic keys and functionality on the main processor chip to provide an extremely high level of security for applications. In this approach, software tampering occurs if the system can enter a state where one model is inconsistent with the other.
The monitor process contains the control flow consistency conditions for the p. This idealized model is compared to a concrete actual model that includes actions of an adversarial operating system. To protect these encryptiondecryption components it is desirable to obscure or hide them within the endsystem. An application developer attempting to employ copyprotection in an application will protect the copyprotection algorithm with software tamper resistance mechanisms. A graph theoretic approach to software watermarking. Tamperproofing is a combination of many techniques. Antitamper software or tamperresistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. Closely related to antitampering techniques are obfuscation techniques, which make code difficult to understand or analyze. A tentative approach to constructing tamperresistant. Examples of such techniques include code obfuscation, software watermarking, and tamper detection.
Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity checking. A practical and scalable antitampering software protection enforced by trusted. Antitamper software or tamperresistant software is software which makes it harder for an. Ideally software tamper resistance makes it intractable or costly for an adversary to modify sensitive components of a software. Twostage tamper response in tamperresistant software iet. The key difference between our approach and previously proposed code obfuscation techniques 3,6,4 is that our techniques are supported by both theoretical. When software has been made tamperproof, it is protected against reverse engineering and modifications. These films provide a good tamper resistant layer to any product from toys to software to goods. In this paper, we present and explore a methodology.
However, most obfuscation techniques are ad hoc, without the support of sound theoretical basis or provable results. Steganography for tamperresistant software stars sbir. Anti tamper software or tamper resistant software is software which makes it harder for an attacker to modify it. A dynamic voltage and frequency switching approach shengqi yang, wayne wolf, n. To address these issues, an alternative approach is to detect and fix malicious changes. For white hawks way of tamperproofing, the use of a computer is essential. One popular antipiracy measure is tamper resistance which does things like hardening the application by making it harder for hackers to remove security controls built into the software application. Selfhashing has been proposed as a technique for verifying software integrity.
Combining techniques from the fields of fault tolerance and software security, the approach transforms programs. A tamper resistance approach that detects andor subvertscorrects the tampering actions in real time concurrently with the program execution is much more. A tamper resistance approach that detects andor subvertscorrects the tampering actions in real time concurrently with the program execution is much more desirable. A taxonomy of software integrity protection techniques. If the same level of tamperresistance is achieved in software as in device, both a maker and a user of tamperresistant soft. If the same level of tamperresistance is achieved in software as in device, both a maker and a user of tamperresistant soft ware can get benefit of low cost performance and ease of handling. The architecture is verified by using a finitestate enumeration tool a model checker to compare executions of the idealized and actual models. Software tamperresistance mechanisms have increasingly assumed significance as a technique to prevent unintended uses of software. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information and cyber security that are crucial to the protection of critical computing and communication infrastructure. In this paper, we introduce a compilerbased approach to perform code transformations that are designed to obstruct.
For instance, an attack on an application will typically look for a decision check point such as checking for a software license key, which tamper resistance can help defend against. There are numerous applications of tamper resistance, including. Granularity of decryption is much finer than previous work increased resistance against os based attacks on guards periodic flushing ensures any successful modification is temporary. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant software. In this paper, we focus on a particular hardware approach called xom, which stands for execute only memory 14.
Elegrp 20 amp gfci outlet, 520r gfi dual receptacle, tr tamper resistant and wr weather resistant, selftest ground fault circuit interrupters, wall plate included, ul listed 1 pack, black 4. Tamperproofing contains large elements of obfuscation obfuscated software cannot be understood by humans. Automates provisioning, orchestration and management of devices for scalable enrollment and tamper resistant software updates. Research top cs in tamper resistant software, the proceedings of the 1997 symposium on cryptography and information security, scis9710a jan. Software licensing security, what you need to know part 3.
Extended results 1 hardwareassisted circumvention of. Towards a formal model for software tamper resistance cosic. This paper presents a scheme to transform programs into tampertolerant versions that use selfcorrecting operation as a response against attacks. Appealing aspects of this approach to software tamper resistance include the promise of being able to verify the integrity of software. Tamper resistant software through intent protection. On the other hand, tamper evident packaging has the following. However, when these techniques are used to protect standalone applications. Architecture technology corporation will leverage its extensive experience in software anti tamper technologies to design and build a novel anti tamper datahiding approach. That is, if an attacker modies the software, the whitebox imple. The use of softwarebased integrity checks in software. Hardwareassisted circumvention of selfhashing software tamper resistance p.
Tamper resistant software through dynamic integrity checking ping wang. Towards a formal model for software tamper resistance. The software tamperresistance technique presented in this paper is an application of whitebox cryptography in the sense that the technique makes the correct operation of the whitebox implementation of a block cipher dependent on the integrity of software. Towards better software tamper resistance, jin and myles, proc. Twostage tamper response in tamperresistant software. There are no provably secure software antitampering methods. Us6594761b1 us09329,117 us32911799a us6594761b1 us 6594761 b1 us6594761 b1 us 6594761b1 us 32911799 a us32911799 a us 32911799a us 6594761 b1 us6594761 b1 us 6594761b1 authority. The attacker changes one bit and observes the consequences of that change. In our offline approach, the software dynamically detects tampering and causes the program to fail, protecting itself from malicious attacks. Software tamper resistance techniques aim at increasing the ability of a program to continue its execution as intended even in the presence of an adversary who tries to monitor and change its behavior. Code obfuscation has been an area of development, in part, to enhance software tamper resistance. We have introduced a novel approach to software tamper resistance, using processlevel virtualization. Jakubowski 1 computer science department, boston college. Hardwareassisted circumvention of selfhashing software.
Pdf some new approaches for preventing software tampering. Tamper resistant packaging resists product access in the package. The way a reverse engineer breaks obfuscated software is well known. The problem with this approach is that one cannot prove tamper resistance, one can only prove that a device is tamper resistant to the set of techniques that youve thought to try so far. When software has been made tamperproof, it is protected against reverse. The methods for responding to tampering are an important consideration in tamperresistant software design.
A secure and robust approach to software tamper resistance. Tamper resistant software typically uses builtin integrity checks to detect code tampering by guarding the code being executed 8, 26 or by checking that the. In the proposed security approach, accumulation of guard hash values during agent code execution is a stealthy tamper resistance mechanism in the sense that it does not involve any checks conditional expressions that are prone to detection by pattern matching methods used by attackers. The mocana trustcenter operations platform provides a tamper resistant and scalable workflow for transfer of ownership and lifecycle management of devices fully integrated with authentication and certification services. A tentative approach to constructing tamperresistant software. By toshio ogiso, yusuke sakabe, masakazu soshi and atsuko miyaji. Towards better software tamper resistance, information. Tamperresistant autonomous agentsbased mobilecloud. One process monitor process, mprocess is designed explicitly to monitor the control flow of the main program process pprocess. Hardwareassisted circumvention of selfhashing software tamper. A dynamic graph watermark scheme of tamper resistance.
Registration, water marking, and copy protection have. Delayed and controlled failures in tamperresistant software gang tan1, yuqun chen 2, and mariusz h. Appealing aspects of this approach to software tamper resistance include the promise of being able to verify the integrity of software independent of the external support environment, as well as the ability to integrate code protection mechanisms automatically. Our premise is that intelligent tampering attacks require knowledge of the program semantics, and this knowledge may be acquired through static analysis. Closely related to antitampering techniques are obfuscation techniques, which make code difficult to understand or analyze and therefore, challenging to modify meaningfully. Software tamper resistance through dynamic program. The best example of tamper resistant packaging are shrink films. Making software tamper resistant is the challenge for software protection. Selfvalidating branchbased software watermarking, myles and jin.
In this paper we propose a tamper resistance technique which provides both on and offline tamper detection. He keeps doing this until the software is understood. Tamper resistance and hardware security partii security, computer laboratory, 03 february 2014 attack categories sidechannel attacks techniques that allows the attacker to monitor the analog characteristics of supply and interface connections and any electromagnetic radiation software attacks. The compilation phase compiles the software into two coprocesses. This paper describes a two instructionstream twoprocess model for tamper resistance. Software tamper resistance based on the difficulty of interprocedural analysis. The measures involved can be passive such as obfuscation to make reverse engineering difficult or active tamperdetection techniques which aim to make a program malfunction or not operate at all if modified. We also present definitions on software tamper resistance techniques, and their relation to formal approaches in software obfuscation. Keywords planar graph basic block watermark algorithm actual edge graph theoretic approach. We specify a hardware architecture that supports tamperresistant software by identifying an idealized model, which gives the abstracted actions available to a single user program.
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